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An election is a formal process where people vote to choose individuals or groups to hold public office or make decisions on specific issues It’s a cornerstone of democratic systems allowing citizens to select their leaders—like presidents, prime ministers, or legislators—or to weigh in on policies through referendums.
Elections typically involve candidates campaigning, voters casting ballots, and results being tallied to determine the winner based on a set system like majority rule or proportional representation.
Historically, elections date back to ancient societies like Athens, where citizens voted directly on leaders and laws, though “citizens” was a narrow group—free men, no slaves or women.
Today, elections vary widely: some are free and fair, others rigged or symbolic in authoritarian states. They can be national, local, or even organizational, like picking a union leader.
India’s elections are a massive democratic exercise, often called the world’s largest due to its 1.4 billion people, with over 960 million eligible voters in the most recent national election.
The country operates a parliamentary system, where the Lok Sabha (lower house) is elected every five years, alongside state assembly elections and local polls.
The Election Commission of India (ECI) oversees this, under Article 324 of the Constitution, ensuring a multi-phase voting process to manage scale and security—think seven phases for the 2024 general election, spanning April to June.
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